Research · Sector
Altcoins Explained
How to think about the thousands of coins beyond Bitcoin and Ethereum, the categories they fall into, and the risks involved.
“Altcoin” simply means any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin — and sometimes other than Ethereum too. There are thousands of them, ranging from established networks with real usage to short-lived speculative tokens. This page explains the main categories, how to weigh an altcoin, and why they tend to carry more risk & volatility than the largest coins.
Altcoins by market cap
278 altcoins tracked
Live data — click a column to sort, search to filter, or open any coin for its full price page. Figures update through the day.
The main categories
Most altcoins fall into a handful of buckets. Knowing which one a coin belongs to tells you a lot about what it is trying to do and what could move its price.
| Category | What it is | Example use |
|---|---|---|
| Layer 1 | Base blockchains that settle their own transactions | Smart-contract platforms competing with Ethereum |
| Layer 2 | Networks built on top of a layer 1 to scale it | Cheaper, faster Ethereum transactions |
| DeFi tokens | Govern or power decentralised finance apps | Exchanges, lending markets |
| Stablecoins | Tokens designed to hold a steady value | Trading, payments, savings |
| Utility / app tokens | Used inside a specific product or network | Storage, computation, gaming |
| Meme coins | Driven mainly by community and speculation | Highly volatile, often no underlying use |
Stablecoins are important enough to get their own page — see stablecoins — and DeFi tokens connect to the wider world of DeFi.
Why altcoins are riskier
Smaller coins usually have thinner liquidity, more concentrated ownership, and less battle-tested code than Bitcoin or Ethereum. That means larger price swings, sharper drawdowns, and a higher chance a project simply fades away. The further down the market-cap rankings you go, the more these risks compound. Read risk & volatility before committing capital, and size positions with the position-size calculator.
A practical evaluation checklist
- What does it do? Is there a real use, or just a narrative?
- Who uses it? Look for genuine activity, not just price action.
- Supply & distribution. How many tokens exist, and who holds them?
- Liquidity. Can you enter and exit without moving the price?
- Track record. How long has it run, and through how many market cycles?
Our guide to reading a market page explains how to interpret the supply and volume figures behind several of these questions.
Track altcoins on TBN Express
Browse the broader market through our live market data, check the day’s market sentiment on the Fear & Greed Index, and look up unfamiliar terms in the glossary.
Bitcoin dominance and “alt season”
Traders often watch Bitcoin dominance — bitcoin’s share of the total crypto market value — as a rough gauge of where money is flowing. When dominance rises, capital is concentrating in bitcoin; when it falls, money is often rotating into altcoins, a pattern some call an “alt season”. These are descriptive observations, not laws: dominance can move for many reasons, and it tells you nothing about whether any individual altcoin is sound. Use it as context, never as a signal to buy.
Tokenomics: supply and incentives
Two coins with the same price can be worth wildly different amounts in aggregate because of how many tokens exist. Before judging value, look at circulating supply versus total and maximum supply, and check whether large tranches are scheduled to unlock for early investors or the team. A token with most of its supply still locked can face selling pressure as those tokens are released. Reading these figures is a core skill we cover in how to read a market page.
Liquidity, listings and access
Smaller altcoins can be thinly traded, meaning a relatively modest order moves the price noticeably and selling in a hurry may be costly. Where a coin is listed matters too: assets traded only on a handful of venues carry more access and counterparty risk than those listed broadly. None of this makes an altcoin “good” or “bad” — it simply shapes how easily you can enter and, just as importantly, exit a position.
Do your own research. The number of altcoins runs into the thousands, and many will not last. Treat marketing, social hype and price momentum as noise, not evidence.
Storing and securing altcoins
Holding a wide range of altcoins adds practical complexity that bitcoin alone does not. Different assets live on different networks, and not every wallet supports every token, so you need to confirm compatibility before moving funds — sending a token to a wallet or network that does not support it can mean losing it permanently. Smaller or newer coins are also more likely to be available only on a limited set of exchanges, concentrating counterparty risk. The same self-custody principles from Bitcoin apply: whoever controls the keys controls the coins, and a written-down recovery phrase kept offline is the foundation of safe storage.
A sensible approach to altcoins
Because the altcoin universe is enormous and most projects will not endure, a disciplined process matters more than enthusiasm. Favour assets you can actually explain — what problem the project claims to solve, who is building it, how the token is used, and how supply is distributed over time. Be especially wary of coins whose entire case rests on price momentum or social-media hype, since those provide no durable reason to expect value. Above all, size any position so that a total loss would be survivable, because for many altcoins that remains a real possibility. None of this is a recommendation to buy any particular asset — it is a framework for thinking clearly before you do.
Where altcoins fit alongside Bitcoin
It helps to keep some perspective on scale. Bitcoin and Ethereum together account for a large share of the total crypto market, while thousands of altcoins compete for the remainder — and the long tail of smaller projects is where both the biggest gains and the most complete losses tend to occur. Many altcoins are correlated with the broader market, often rising and falling alongside bitcoin rather than independently of it, which means owning more of them does not automatically reduce risk. Approaching altcoins as the higher-risk, more speculative end of an already volatile asset class — rather than as lottery tickets or guaranteed “next bitcoins” — keeps expectations grounded. The aim of this page is to help you read and weigh these assets clearly; it is not a suggestion to buy any of them.
Frequently asked questions
Are altcoins a good investment?
What is "altcoin season"?
How many altcoins are there?
Why do some altcoins go to zero?
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